Did Clinton really say ANPO applies to Senkaku? 「クリントンが『尖閣は安保５条の適用対象』と言った」というのは前原外相が言っているだけでどこにも証拠がない

(English-language readers - this is about Japan's Foreign Minister Maehara's possible misrepresentation of Hilary Clinton from their talk in New York on September 23, 2010.)

この投稿のタイトルに反してクリントンが本当にそう言ったという証拠があるということだったらすぐ info@peacephilosophy.com に連絡が欲しい。

日本のメディアは２４日、一斉に「クリントンが『尖閣は安保条約の適用対象』と言った」と報道した。

日経　米国務長官、尖閣「安保条約の適用対象」 日米外相会談

テレ朝　 「尖閣諸島も日米安保の対象」クリントン国務長官
（前原外相が「尖閣も含めて日米安保条約第五条の適用がなされるという話もクリントン長官か
らありました。」と言っている。）
 
時事　米長官「尖閣は安保条約の対象」＝日中対話に期待－日米外相会談
（時事は「クリントン長官は尖閣諸島について「日米安全保障条約は明らかに適用される」と述べ、米国の対日防衛義務を定めた同条約第５条の適用対象になるとの見解を表明した。」と、前原外相を引用するという形ではなく報道している）
 

読売　クリントン米国務長官「尖閣は日米安保適用対象」
（「日本側の説明によると、沖縄・尖閣諸島沖での中国漁船衝突事件で日中間の緊張が高まっていることについて、外相は日本の国内法に基づいて粛々と対応していることを説明した。これに対し、長官は理解を示したうえで、「尖閣諸島には、（日本への防衛義務を定めた）日米安保条約５条が適用される」と明言した。」としている。「日本側の説明によると」というのがクリントンの発言とされている節にまでかかるのかどうか、曖昧である）

共同　尖閣は安保の対象、米国務長官　日米外相が初会談、漁船衝突で
（「前原氏は沖縄県・尖閣諸島周辺の中国漁船衝突事件をめぐる日本政府の対応を説明。前原氏によると、国務長官は理解を示した上で、尖閣諸島が米側の日本防衛の義務を定めた日米安保条約第５条の適用対象になるとの見解を表明した。」とある。前原外相を引用する形になっているが、引用なら「表明したという」といった終わり方になるべきなのでここも曖昧だ）

 産経　「尖閣は日米安保適用対象」クリントン長官、明言　日米外相会談で
（「クリントン氏は沖縄・尖閣諸島付近で海上保安庁の巡視船と中国漁船が衝突した事件に関連して、尖閣諸島は日米安全保障条約の適用対象であるとの見解を強調した。」と、クリントンが主体的にこの発言をして「強調した」とまで書いている。）

東京　『尖閣諸島は安保対象』　日米外相会談　米国務長官が明言
（「米政府はこれまでも日本の施政下にある領域に適用される同条の対象に尖閣諸島が含まれるとの考えを示してきた。前原氏がこうした米側の姿勢に謝意を示したのに対し、クリントン氏は「日米安全保障条約第五条は明らかに適用される」と明言した。」とある。ここからは、前原氏が過去の米国の立場に言及して誘導的にクリントンからこの発言を引き出したかのようなニュアンスがある。）

日本のメディアは大差がないのでこれぐらいにしておく。

ロイターの報道には、この「安保適用発言」には触れていない。　
米国務長官、尖閣漁船衝突事件で日中両国に迅速な解決求める
 （「クローリー国務次官補（広報担当）は記者団に対し、「対話の促進および問題が速やかに解決されることを希望する、とクリントン長官は応対した」と述べた。」とある。）

メディアの報道ばかりなぜ追っているかというと会談の全文が公開されていないからだ（私が調べた限りは）。外務省の「要旨」には「クリントン長官からは，日米安保条約第５条が尖閣諸島に適用されるという米国の立場について発言があった。」とある。米側のソースとしては国務省のクローリー国務次官補の記者会見のテキストが発表されているだけだ。その中では、クリントンが日中がこの問題を早期に解決するように求めているということを繰り返しているだけで、クリントンが「安保」に触れたとはひと言も言っていない。参考までに全文を一番下に貼り付けておく。重要な部分だけ赤字にして翻訳してある。

ＡＦＰは　「Clinton urges dialogue to resolve China-Japan row　クリントンは日中の騒動を解決するための対話を」というタイトルで報道している。重要なのはこの部分だ（下記参照）。「ニューヨークの共同通信は、前原が『クリントンが尖閣に安保が適用されると確認した』と報道した」と報道していることだ。どうしてこんなに回りくどい言い方をしなければいけないのか。本当にクリントンがそう言ったという裏が取れていないから「共同によると、前原がこう言ったとのことだ」程度のことしか言えなかったのである。日本の数々のメディアにはクリントンが「名言した」とまで書かれているがここでは acknowledge, 「確認した」ということである。この acknowledge という言葉は、誰かに言われて、うなずいたり、「そうです」と答えた程度の消極的なものである。いずれにせよＡＦＰは「わからないけど、共同によると前原がこういってたとのことだ」と言っているだけなのだ。 また、「記事では前原を引用しなかった」という不明な表現がある。

Maehara told reporters after his meeting here that Clinton had acknowledged the Senkaku islands -- known as the Dadirectlyioyu islands by China -- were subject to the treaty, Kyodo News Agency reported from New York.

"According to the Japanese minister, Clinton said that the Senkakus... are subject to Article 5 of the bilateral security treaty, which authorizes the US to protect Japan in the event of an armed attack 'in the territories under the administration of Japan'," the report said. 

The dispatch did not quote Maehara .

このＡＦＰの報道は、Yahoo News でも、Clinton says disputed islands part of Japan-US pact: Maehara　「前原によると：」という但し書きでクリントンがしたと言われる安保への言及について報道している。

ＡＰ通信でも、「前原によると」との但し書きでクリントンの安保発言について触れている。

この会談は密室で行われたのでも何でもなく、公式会談である。なのにどうして当事者の前原外相がこの会談の内容をメディアに話す報道官のような役割を果たしているのか。とても客観的とは言えないのである。

結局、国務省と外務省に会談の全記録を求めるしか真実はわからないということである。前原外相が嘘を言ったりしている、もしくは限りなく嘘に近い誇大表現をしているとは思いたくない。しかし、記録を見せてもらわないと私には納得できない。

クローリーの会見を読んでも、アメリカ側のは「安保があるから軍事衝突があったら米国が日本を守ってあげるよ」というような趣意のことは全く言っていない。「大人の国なんだからしっかり解決してください」と言っているだけなのである。前原発言は、嘘ではなかったとしても、大きな誇張であることは間違いない。しかし全文を見るまでは、嘘でなかったという確信は得られないのである。冒頭で書いたように、本当にクリントンがそう言ったのか、言ったとしたらどのような言葉を用いてどんな文脈で言ったのか、わかった人がいたら連絡ください。

なぜこのことが大事なのか、言うまでもないと思うが、尖閣諸島での中国漁船と日本の海保の巡視船が衝突した事件に対して、両国間で政治、文化、経済交流がストップするケースが続出するほどの異常事態になっている。今回の事態の異常さはこの事件そのものよりも、この政治、市民レベルでのオーバーリアクションにある。こういったとき、まさしく成熟した国家として落ち着いて外交で対応するべきであるのに、武力行使をするような事態になることを匂わせるような発言をすることはとても賢明とは言えないからである。ましてや、前原外相が自分の意見として発表するのではなく、米国務長官の名を借りて自分の言いたいことを言わせるような行為は到底受容できるものではない。尖閣諸島付近のトラブルを利用して中国の「脅威」を最大限に演出し、「いざとなったらアメリカが守ってくれる。なので日米安保は大事だ。日米安保が大事なら尖閣諸島の横にある沖縄の米軍はやはり大事だ。普天間代替施設はやはり沖縄に作らなければいけない」という論理を作り上げ世論に影響させようとしている、そのためにクリントン長官を利用したとしたら、その罪深さは計り知れないものがある。

９月２３日米国国務省クローリー国務次官補記者会見

MR. CROWLEY: The Secretary had an excellent meeting with Foreign Minister Maehara. He joked at the start of the meeting this is his sixth day on the job – (laughter) – so he’s obviously traveled a great deal, put in a great many miles in a relatively short period of time. He spoke first about the importance of the U.S.-Japanese alliance, and the Secretary reciprocated that we certainly want to both continue and expand our consultations on strategic issues that affect the region and, of course, of interest to the United States and Japan. I’ll quickly tick off a number of topics, then you can just follow up where your interests lie.




In terms of regional issues, they talked about North Korea, they talked about Iran, talked about Afghanistan. The minister did bring up the current tensions with China and just provided Japan’s perspective on the incident involving the fishing boat and the coast guard vessel, and indicated that Japan was working this in accordance with both its legal process and international law. The Secretary’s response was simply to encourage dialogue and hope that the issue can be resolved soon since relations between Japan and China are vitally important to regional stability.（クリントン長官の反応は、地域の安定にとって日中の関係は非常に重要なので、対話を奨励し、この問題が早期に解決されることを望むというものだった。）



And in terms of bilateral issues, they talked about the relocation effort in Futemna, talked about trade – a variety of trade issues. On Futemna, the minister noted the agreement, the government-to-government agreement of May 28, and pledged that he was committed to fully implementing the agreement.



And just one other issue on our side: The Secretary made a special appeal for the minister to encourage Japan to ratify The Hague Convention. She noted that there are a very large number of custody cases that are on our bilateral agenda. And the minister simply said this remains an issue that Japan is studying.



But I’ll stop there and take your questions.



QUESTION: On the tensions with China and how she encouraged dialogue, to what extent is the U.S. – not mediating, but the President’s going to be meeting with President Hu later today. I think he’s meeting with the Japanese prime minister while they’re here. But, like, to what extent is the U.S. trying to talk to both parties rather than just encouraging dialogue between the two of them? Is the U.S. being thrown into the role of peacemaker here?



MR. CROWLEY: Well, I think, Elise, you put it properly. We are not mediating, per se. We have not been asked to play a particular role. This is an issue that two mature countries like Japan – and Japan are fully capable of resolving. And our sense is that neither side wants to see the situation escalate to the point that it has long-term regional impact, and that is really our view. （日本のような成熟した国なら、この問題を解決する能力があるはずだ。長期的に地域に影響が及ぶような事態にまでエスカレートすることは両国とも望んでいないはずだ、と我々は見ている。）It has come up in various discussions that we’ve had with both Japan and China this week. I can’t predict whether it will come up in the high-level meetings later on in the day. But we are hopeful that this issue can be resolved soon, and that was simply our message to the Japanese today.



QUESTION: Could you characterize your level of concern about those right now?



MR. CROWLEY: I mean, in any bilateral relationship, there are always areas of cooperation and mutual interest, and periodically, in any relationship, there are issues that arrive – arise that create tensions. So I wouldn’t say at this point – it is something that we just are hopeful that the two sides will work on aggressively and resolve as quickly as they can.



QUESTION: P.J., does the U.S. take a position on actually what happened here? I mean, do you feel one side or the other is in the wrong or in the right?



MR. CROWLEY: This is a – the issue of the Senkakus is complicated, as you know. We don’t take a position on the sovereignty of the Senkakus. So we understand that there can be room here for different interpretations of what happened. From our discussion this morning, the minister simply laid out from the Japanese side that they are pursuing this case through their legal system and that they expected to be able to resolve it, and we simply encouraged that to happen as soon as possible.



QUESTION: Is that your sense from the Chinese, too, that they’re going to stick to, kind of legal international law type of instruments then? Obviously, when you talk about China being a much – not a bigger power than Japan, but certainly militarily, you’ve been concerned about their expansion – are you worried about any kind of military escalation?（記者の問い：軍事的にエスカレートすることを懸念していますか。）






MR. CROWLEY: I mean, we – I don’t think that we see that on the horizon, and we certainly would hope that it would not rise to that level. （そういうことは展望していないし、そういった事態にならないことを望んでいる）。This is – there are – this is, at one level, a case to be resolved legally. Obviously, it has diplomatic implications, and we are hopeful that through consultation and dialogue and communication, that this can be resolved. I mean, there are broader principles here for the region. As the Secretary noted when in Vietnam, we have an interest in the broad principles of freedom of navigation. And so – but certainly, in this narrow case, we just simply hope – we’re certainly aware of the tensions in various meetings. Both sides have mentioned it to us. And we continue to encourage both sides to do everything to resolve it and certainly not to escalate it.



QUESTION: Do you think – this is a follow-up – do you think that legal process the Japanese are undertaking is appropriate? Is that one of those beefs that China has?



MR. CROWLEY: I’m – I don’t know that I want to sit here and do an analysis of the legal process that is unfolding. All I’ll say is that the minister provided their perspective on how they see the issue, what they – the investigation that’s ongoing. And we just took note of their position.



QUESTION: How much of this is related to your concerns about China’s general behavior on the seas? And you’re going to be meeting on Friday with the ASEAN leaders, talking about the South China Sea, and there just seems – and certainly, in the ASEAN meetings in Vietnam, there was quite a hefty discussion about China’s activities on the high seas themselves. How much of this is kind of related to trying to keep China in check?



MR. CROWLEY: Well, I think let’s – there is a particular incident that has occurred. But obviously, broadly speaking, part of the dialogue that we did have at ASEAN involved broader principles, but also how nations in regions of importance to us will relate to each other, work together, and pursue common interests that benefit everyone, including the United States.



The Secretary and the minister during the meeting today did briefly touch on the importance of the emerging architectures that we have discussed with Japan and other partners in the region. The minister, as we’ve heard from a variety of countries, is very pleased with the United States’s commitment to the East Asia Summit. And so we hope to play a constructive role in bringing and advancing architectures that will promote regional peace and stability.



QUESTION: In terms of China’s ban on exports to Japan (inaudible) escalation to the spat between the Chinese and Japanese, and considering that (inaudible) and that the U.S. has expressed concern about how much of this China had.



MR. CROWLEY: I’ve lost you.



QUESTION: China has basically withheld exports of (inaudible) Japan (inaudible). What is the U.S. reaction to that?



MR. CROWLEY: Well, it reinforces our hope that the two countries can resolve this soon.



QUESTION: Just one more, sorry. Is this part of your common concern about regional stability? Is this – is there a concern that this is going to affect kind of getting on the same page about restarting the Six-Party Talks, or are you not even kind of there yet with North Korea, that that’s even a concern?



MR. CROWLEY: I wouldn’t see a connection between the current tension over this one episode between Japan and China, and I don’t see it affecting North Korea. The ministers – the minister and the Secretary did touch on North Korea, and we have the same view about the importance of working together within the Six-Party process, and our hope that North Korea will take a more constructive path and will pursue denuclearization under the 2005 joint statement.



QUESTION: Can you give us any more on the discussions about Futenma? I mean, that definitely helped to bring down the last Japanese government. Are you – was there any discussion of new approaches for Futenma or was there any discussion of timelines about when they hope to get this resolved?



MR. CROWLEY: It was a relatively brief aspect of the meeting. The minister simply pledged that with the government agreement of May 28 that he is committed to carrying it out. I believe there – that there are some elections coming up in Japan, so how elections affect the timetable of how to carry it out, I can’t say from here. But obviously, we welcome that reaffirmation of the importance of the agreement and Japan’s commitment to work with us to carry out the relocation plan.



QUESTION: Does the Secretary still feel the same sense of urgency that, for instance, she was expressing in the spring about this issue? I know that apparently, there’s some problems now with the Guam facility that might not even be possible (inaudible). Is there a sense that they can – if we can – we have a little bit more time now?



MR. CROWLEY: I think with the – we’ve moved past that point both with the agreement and then with the technical work that’s been done by the working groups. I think with this reaffirmation, I don’t see – I don’t know that we see any particular obstacles at this point.



QUESTION: You mentioned they just have trade issues. Can you give more detail on that? Does that, in any way, include the (inaudible) discussion on the recent currency intervention?



MR. CROWLEY: Currency was not an issue discussed.



QUESTION: Anything else about trade issues (inaudible)?



MR. CROWLEY: No. The – high-speed rail was one that came up. The minister expressed an interest in having Japan invest in high-speed rail in this country. The issue of beef came up.



QUESTION: How about Afghanistan? The Japanese are playing a big role in financing. Was there any discussion that they are going to be (inaudible)?



MR. CROWLEY: Yeah. The Secretary thanked the minister and Japan for its ongoing commitments to Afghanistan, its role both in police training and financing of police salaries. Japan’s commitment is something like $5 billion over five years – a very substantial commitment. And they pledge this will be an area that – in terms of developing a strategic understanding of key issues, both regionally and globally, pledged to continue to cooperate on Afghanistan, understanding that we have – we’re facing a critical period over the next one or two years.



QUESTION: Two quick unrelated things: Do you have any update on the efforts to resolve the issue of the settlement moratorium, the talks that are going on now.



MR. CROWLEY: I don’t know that I have. There are still – our teams are in continual contact. Beyond that, let me – we’re working intensively with both parties to see if we can keep them moving forward.



QUESTION: And you think that – are you trying to resolve it here in New York right now, or is it – is that where most of the discussions are or --



MR. CROWLEY: I would – I mean, there’s lots of things in play. There are – the teams are here. Our team’s here, the Israeli team’s here, the Palestinians’ team’s here. Obviously, the Israeli team is in close contact back to the prime minister as needed. So I just can’t catalog because there’s just a lot going on. Our folks are in constant contact and trying to see if we can’t find a way to keep the parties in the process and moving forward.



QUESTION: Are any –



QUESTION: Is there – does the Secretary have any reaction to the Woodward book?



MR. CROWLEY: No.



QUESTION: One more thing on the Japan-China issue: Did the Japanese ask you to try and – I mean, I guess you said that you’re not playing a mediation role, but has either side – but particularly this morning, concludes a meeting with the Japanese? Did they ask you to kind of use your good offices to try and talk to the Chinese on the (inaudible)?



MR. CROWLEY: There was no specific request that the Japanese made of us.



QUESTION: Okay.



QUESTION: Thank you.



MR. CROWLEY: Okay. Thanks.